Analisis Efektivitas Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Kasus Fenomena Kelangkaan Minyak Goreng di Indonesia tahun 2021-2022

Pratama, Febrina (2025) Analisis Efektivitas Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Kasus Fenomena Kelangkaan Minyak Goreng di Indonesia tahun 2021-2022. Tugas Akhir (S1) - thesis, Universitas Bakrie.

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Abstract

Fenomena kasus kelangkaan minyak goreng di Indonesia pada 2021–2022 menunjukkan lemahnya tata kelola kebijakan publik. Pemerintah mengeluarkan berbagai regulasi, mulai dari penetapan Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET), kebijakan oblikasi pasokan domestik/obligasi harga domestik (DMO/DPO), larangan ekspor, hingga subsidi dan program Minyak Goreng Curah Rakyat (MGCR). Namun, implementasi kebijakan seringkali reaktif, tidak selaras dengan insentif pelaku usaha, dan menimbulkan kelangkaan buatan. Melalui pendekatan Rational Choice Institutionalism, penelitian ini menilai efektivitas kebijakan dengan menekankan peran aktor negara, korporasi, dan konsumen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan formal belum efektif karena produsen, distributor, dan konsumen bertindak rasional sesuai kepentingan masing-masing, yang justru memperburuk krisis. Temuan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) atas praktik kartel semakin memperkuat kesimpulan bahwa kelembagaan negara belum mampu mengarahkan perilaku pasar sesuai tujuan publik. Kesimpulannya, kebijakan pemerintah dalam krisis minyak goreng 2022 masih kurang efektif, terutama akibat lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga, insentif yang tidak seimbang, serta pengawasan yang lemah. Rekomendasi meliputi sinkronisasi kebijakan hulu–hilir, transparansi tata niaga, penegakan hukum persaingan, serta mekanisme distribusi yang lebih adaptif. Kata kunci: Kelangkaan Minyak Goreng, Kebijakan Publik, Efektivitas Kebijakan, Institusionalisme Pilihan Rasional, Tata Kelola Industri Sawit The cooking oil scarcity in Indonesia during 2021–2022 revealed the fragility of public policy governance. The government issued various measures, including the Highest Retail Price (HET), DMO/DPO, subsidies, export bans, also the Minyak Goreng Curah Rakyat (MGCR) program. However, implementation was often reactive, misaligned with business incentives, and generated artificial shortages. Using the Rational Choice Institutionalism framework, this study assesses policy effectiveness by examining the roles of state, corporations, and consumers. Findings indicate that policies were largely ineffective, as producers, distributors, and consumers acted rationally in ways that worsened the crisis. The Indonesian Competition Commission (KPPU) later confirmed cartel practices, highlighting the state’s weak institutional capacity to direct market behavior toward public goals. In conclusion, government policies during the 2022 cooking oil crisis were ineffective due to poor inter-agency coordination, unbalanced incentives, and weak enforcement. Recommendations include synchronizing upstream–downstream regulations, ensuring transparent supply chains, strengthening antitrust enforcement, and improving adaptive distribution mechanisms. Keywords: Cooking Oil Scarcity, Public Policy, Policy Effectiveness, Rational Choice Institutionalism, Crude Palm Oil Industry Governance

Item Type:	Thesis (Tugas Akhir (S1) - )
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kelangkaan Minyak Goreng, Kebijakan Publik, Efektivitas Kebijakan, Institusionalisme Pilihan Rasional, Tata Kelola Industri Sawit Cooking Oil Scarcity, Public Policy, Policy Effectiveness, Rational Choice Institutionalism, Crude Palm Oil Industry Governance
Subjects:	Political Science > Governance Relation Political Science > Public Policy Thesis > Thesis (S1)
Divisions:	Fakultas Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial > Program Studi Ilmu Politik
Depositing User:	Febrina Pratama
Date Deposited:	17 Sep 2025 08:16
Last Modified:	17 Sep 2025 08:16
URI:	https://repository.bakrie.ac.id/id/eprint/12599

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