Modernizing Military Digital Communication Strategies: From Conventional Propaganda to Cyber ​​Diplomacy

Makmur, Muammar Septian Yuntha (2026) Modernizing Military Digital Communication Strategies: From Conventional Propaganda to Cyber ​​Diplomacy. Tesis (S2) - thesis, Universitas Bakrie.

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Abstract

Background: The transformation of the global security landscape demands military communication strategies to evolve from conventional one-way propaganda toward cyber diplomacy that is dialogical and trust-based. The issuance of Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) Commander Regulation Number 24 of 2021 concerning TNI Cyber Defense Doctrine marks the adaptation effort of Indonesian military institutions to the dynamics of cyberspace. Objective: This study aims to analyze and interpret the modernization of TNI's digital communication strategy toward cyber diplomacy using the framework of Geo-Cybernetics Theory, as well as to identify the forms, strategic shifts, and driving and inhibiting factors of its implementation. Methodology: This research employs a qualitative approach with an intrinsic case study design and constructivist paradigm. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with seven informants from the TNI Cyber Center, TNI Information Service, academics, and BSSN practitioners, as well as policy document analysis and observation of @tni.mil.id social media content. Data analysis used Braun & Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis with the integration of Geo-Cybernetics Theory (Deibert, 2020) and Constructivist Paradigm (Wendt, 1992). Results: TNI communication shifted from monologue propaganda (pre-2021) to cyber diplomacy post-doctrine through the expansion of digital sovereignty, algorithmic adaptation, and network collaboration. This study identifies a Hybrid Communication Strategy Model built upon three pillars: Digital Sovereignty Infrastructure, Algorithmic Influence Contestation, and Networked Actor Responsiveness. Challenges: hierarchical culture, limited digital human resources, public skepticism. Opportunities: legitimacy building, early threat detection, and youth talent recruitment. Conclusion: This study identifies TNI's Hybrid Communication Strategy Model marking the shift from propaganda to cyber diplomacy, built upon three pillars: Digital Sovereignty Infrastructure, Algorithmic Influence Contestation, and Networked Actor Responsiveness. Geo-Cybernetics explains the structural pressures driving TNI's transformation, while Constructivism reveals TNI's active identity construction as a modern, dialogic guardian of digital sovereignty.

Item Type:	Thesis (Tesis (S2) - )
Subjects:	Communication Science > Digital Communication Thesis > Thesis (S2)
Divisions:	Fakultas Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial > Program Studi Magister Ilmu Komunikasi
Depositing User:	Muammar Septian Yuntha Makmur
Date Deposited:	24 Sep 2026 08:14
Last Modified:	24 Sep 2026 08:14
URI:	https://repository.bakrie.ac.id/id/eprint/14554

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